![]() ![]() The macrotexture measurement is mainly carried out by means of two methods. It is mainly responsible for the generated friction force in the contact zone due to its contribution to the existence of local bonds between the tire rubber and the surface. The microtexture refers to the fine-scale texture of the road surface irregularities that interacts with the tire. It has a big influence on the hysteresis component of friction and in the tire-road adherence when the vehicle is traveling at high speeds, especially with wet asphalt, since it improves water evacuation. The macrotexture depends on the size and shape of the mixture used in the asphalt composition. Subsequently, the texture is related to the friction characteristics of the surface. ![]() Generally, these methods determine the road texture using two parameters: the macrotexture and the microtexture. Some methods focus on the measurement of the road composition and its characteristics. Nowadays, there are many proposed methods to measure the friction in tire-road contact. Therefore, methods to measure and estimate the friction in the tire-road contact have attracted a great deal of attention and are still of the utmost importance for research groups of vehicular dynamics and for groups involved in the development of transport infrastructures. As a result, a more accurate tire-road friction model has been obtained. To do so, real tests have been conducted on several roads and with different operating conditions. To this end, a modification of the Pacejka Magic Formula is proposed to include the effects of the main parameters that influence the contact, such as road composition and its state, tire type, vehicle speed, and slip between the tire and the road. The aim of this work is to unify the study of the friction coefficient, taking into consideration the two existing bodies involved in the contact, i.e., the tire and road and the main factors that influence the forces in the contact. Thus, the type and characteristics of the tire have to be considered in the study of the interaction between the vehicle and the road. However, friction forces are also dependent on the tire type, since the contact is established between the tire and the road in real driving conditions. Most of these methods have focused on determining the road friction resistance, taking only road composition and making measurements in wet conditions into account. For this reason, there is a great deal of literature concerning methods and devices for measuring and modeling tire-road friction. ![]() Therefore, its determination is necessary to improve the effectiveness of these systems and to avoid or reduce the consequences of traffic accidents. Knowledge of tire-road friction characteristics is essential for the proper performance of most relevant vehicle active safety systems. ![]()
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